Ecology Practice

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. By definition, which of the following IS a part of a habitat?

a.	bacteria
b.	populations
c.	animals
d.	soil
e.	plants

____ 2.

____ 3. A J-shaped growth curve is converted to an S-shaped one

a.	when the parents are past reproductive age.
b.	if the data are plotted in reverse.
c.	when the carrying capacity is reached.
d.	if reproduction stops.
e.	only for fast-growing populations such as bacteria.

____ 4. A bird eats a monarch butterfly and begins to vomit in response to the chemicals stored within the butterfly's body. The behavior is repeated once but then the bird never again feeds upon a orange and black butterfly.

a.	insight learning.
b.	classical conditioning.
c.	operant conditioning.
d.	imprinting.

____ 5. A dog is initially scared when his owner taps his pipe on an ashtray. Over time, the dog losses reaction to the sound.

a.	habituation.
b.	imprinting.
c.	classical conditioning.
d.	insight learning.
e.	instinct.

____ 6. Newly hatched goslings follow any large moving objects to which they are exposed shortly after hatching. This is an example of

a.	homing behavior.
b.	imprinting.
c.	piloting.
d.	migration.
e.	none of these

____ 7. Pheromones are advantageous because

a.	they work in the dark.
b.	they are often unique to individual species.
c.	only small amounts are needed.
d. e.	they do not trigger a response in other species. All of the above.

____ 8. Fruit flies probably have what relationship with humans?

a.	commensalism.
b.	competitive exclusion.
c.	parasitism.
d.	obligate mutualism.
e.	neutral relationship.

______ 9. The weakest symbiotic attachment, in which one species simiply lives better in the presence of another species, is

a. commensalism

b. competitive exclusion

c. mutualism

d. obligate mutualism

____ 10. In contrast to a predator, a parasite usually

a.	does not kill the animal on which or in which it lives.
b.	kills its host.
c.	is a short-term visitor.
d.	is larger than its host.
e.	does not kill the animal on which or in which it lives and is larger than its host.

____ 11. In 1882, the tropical volcanic island Krakatoa exploded and was reduced to an abiotic island covered by a thick layer of volcanic ash. By 1933, populations of all of the following organisms were present. Which population was probably established after the others?

a.	ferns
b.	bacteria
c.	insects
d.	rodents

____ 12. Which of the following is a primary consumer?

a.	cow
b.	dog
c.	hawk
d.	grass
e.	snake

____ 13. Herbivores represent the

a.	primary consumers.
b.	secondary consumers.
c.	tertiary consumers.
d.	primary producers.
e.	secondary producers.

____ 14. A network of interactions that involve the cycling of materials and the flow of energy between a community and its physical environment is which of the following?

a.	population
b.	community
c.	ecosystem
d.	biosphere
e.	species

____ 15. Decomposers

a.	are able to enter a food chain at any trophic level.
b.	are the most numerous organisms in an ecosystem.
c.	include bacteria and fungi.
d.	all of these

____ 16. Carbon is introduced into the atmosphere by all but which of the following means?

a.	respiration
b.	volcanic eruption
c.	burning of fossil fuels
d.	wind erosion.
e.	all of these

Ecology Practice

Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. D

3. C

4. C

5. A

6. B

7. E

8. A

9. A

10. A

11. D

12. A

13. A

14. C

15. D

16. E