Main ideas of DNA/Chromosome unit:

Chapter 13:

a) Be able to describe the contributions of Griffith, Hersey& Chase, Chargaff, Franklin and Watson &Crick in successfully modeling DNA (to the point - a sentence on each, not a detailed description of their experiments)

b) Be able to model/draw/recognize the components of DNA, including nucleotides, phosphates, sugars, nitrogenous bases, purine, pyrimadines nd hydrogen bonds.

c) Explain the process of replication.

d) How does the Watson/Crick model explains how DNA can accurately copy itself, store information and code for proteins?

Chapter 14:

a) In detail, explain the events depicted on page 238 (and know role of RNA polymerase, ligase, introns/exons, promoter, codon, anticodon, rRNA, tRNA and mRNA)

b) Explain what a mutation is and how it ultimately affects the shape of the protein coded for by DNA.

Chapter 15:

a)  Know the lac Operon (role of operator, regulatory protein, promoter, RNA polymerase, regulatory protein)

b)  Know how genes are expressed: a) pretranscription (what is a barr body?), b) translational level (what is a cap and tail?  what is gene magnification?), c) posttranslational.

Chapter 16:

What is genetic engineering?  What is gel electrophoresis?  What is PCR?  What does a restriction enzyme do and what is its role in genetic engineering?